"Albedo is the ratio of outgoing to incoming shortwave irradiance, where 'shortwave irradiance' means that both the incoming and outgoing radiation are integrated across the solar spectrum. "Canopy" means the vegetative covering over a surface. The canopy is often considered to be the outer surfaces of the vegetation. Plant height and the distribution, orientation and shape of plant leaves within a canopy influence the atmospheric environment and many plant processes within the canopy. Reference: AMS Glossary http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Canopy. The surface_albedo restricted to the area type "vegetation" is related to canopy_albedo, but the former also includes the effect of radiation being reflected from the ground underneath the canopy."(xsd:string)
"Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". The sign convention is that "upwelling" is positive upwards and "downwelling" is positive downwards. The term "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics."(xsd:string)
"xylene is a generic term for a group of three isomers of dimethylbenzene: m-xylene, p-xylene, and o-xylene M-xylene is a xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3. P-xylene is a xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4."(xsd:string)
"Largely built-up urban area. ‘Largely built-up’ means contiguous settlement of detached buildings of any size with a building density less than for ‘continuously built-up’ area. The built-up area is mixed with non-urbanised areas (e.g. agricultural, lakes, woods). It must also be noted that ‘suburban’ as defined here has a different meaning than in every day English i.e. ‘an outlying part of a city or town’ suggesting that a suburban area is always associated to an urban area. In our context, a suburban area can be suburban on its own without any urban part."(xsd:string)
"All areas, that do not fulfil the criteria for urban or suburban areas, are defined as "rural" areas. There are three subdivisions in this category to indicate the distance to the nearest built-up urban area: Rural – near city: area within 10 km from the border of an urban or suburban area; Rural – regional: 10-50 km from major sources/source areas; Rural – remote: > 50 km from major sources/source areas."(xsd:string)
"Located in close proximity to a single industrial source or industrial area. A wide range of industrial sources can be considered here, including thermal power generation district heating plants refineries waste incineration/treatment plants, dump sites mining, including gravel, oil, natural gas airports ports."(xsd:string)
"Any location with is neither to be classified as “traffic” or “industrial”. Located such that its pollution levels are representative of the average exposure of the general population (or vegetation and natural ecosystems) within the type of area under assessment. The pollution level should not be dominated by a single source type (e.g. traffic), unless that source type is typical within the area under assessment. The station should usually be representative of a wider area of at least several square kilometres."(xsd:string)
"Key party responsible for gathering information and conducting research. This is the person who is responsible for making the measurements and securing the quality of the data. In general, there should be exactly one PrincipalInvestigator associated with every measurement and (a possibly different person) associated with a station. The PrincipalInvestigator may delegate responsibilities, for example to technicians or postdoctoral researchers, and yet remain PrincipalInvestigator as the person overseeing the measurements and data distribution."(xsd:string)
"Party contributing to the resource. This role applies to any person who is involved in making the measurements or processing the data. Normally, the PrincipalInvestigator will decide who shall be listed as contributor."(xsd:string)
"Party who assists with the generation of the resource other than the principal investigator. This can be a person who has been involved in making the measurements or processing the data, but who is either not part of the institution responsible for the measurement or who has “contributed” only temporarily. One situation we have encountered in TOAR, where nomination of collaborators makes sense is when university researchers assist government agencies in preparing their data for submission to the TOAR database."(xsd:string)
"Party that supplies the resource. This role is assigned to government data obtained indirectly. For example, the data of the European Airbase originates from national environmental agencies, but the European Environmental Agency acts as ResourceProvider."(xsd:string)
"Party that accepts accountability and responsibility for the resource and ensures appropriate care and maintenance of the resource. This describes our responsibilities as TOAR data centre team."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as final validated data and passed the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre. In addition, the data was subjected to manual inspection of the data summary plots."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as final validated data and did not pass the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre in the first pass. The data value was changed according to feedback from the data provider or if an obvious correction was possible."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data and passed the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre. In addition, the data was subjected to manual inspection of the data summary plots."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data and passed the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data and did not pass the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre in the first pass. The data value was changed according to feedback from the data provider or if an obvious correction was possible."(xsd:string)
"Data value derived from an interpolation or modelling tool to fill a data gap. Note: you will never find this flag value in any “original” time series, but the name of the time series will indicate clearly if it contains estimated values. Some statistics may be more reliable if they are based on complete time series and thus avoid sampling biases."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data and no QC test was run, for example because of an incomplete time series."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as final validated data with a quality flag indicating potential problems with the data value. The data value was also flagged as suspicious by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as final validated data with a quality flag indicating potential problems with the data value. However, the data value was not flagged as suspicious by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as final validated data with no indication of potential problems. However, the data value was flagged as suspicious by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data with a quality flag indicating potential problems with the data value. The data value was also flagged as suspicious or erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data with a quality flag indicating potential problems with the data value. However, the data value was not flagged as suspicious or erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data with no indication of potential problems. However, the data value was flagged as suspicious by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data with a quality flag indicating potential problems with the data value. No QC test was run, for example because of an incomplete time series."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as final validated data with a quality flag indicating an erroneous data value. The data value was also flagged as suspicious or erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as final validated data with a quality flag indicating an erroneous data value. However, the data value was not flagged as suspicious or erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as final validated data with no indication of potential problems. However, the data value was flagged as erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as final validated data flagged as questionable values. However, the data value was flagged as erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data with a quality flag indicating an erroneous data value. The data value was also flagged as suspicious or erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data with a quality flag indicating an erroneous data value. However, the data value was not flagged as suspicious or erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Preliminary or near realtime data was received from provider with no indication of potential problems. However, the data value was flagged as erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data flagged as questionable. However, the data value was flagged as erroneous by the automatic quality control tests of the TOAR data centre."(xsd:string)
"Data was received from provider as preliminary or near realtime data with a quality flag indicating an erroneous data value. No QC test was run, for example because of an incomplete time series."(xsd:string)
"The data provider reported a missing value at this time stamp. Generally, the TOAR database will not explicitly store missing values but instead simply leave out the data value at that timestamp. However, there are situations when missing values are coded in the time series, for example if a new version of a dataset replaces formerly valid values by missing values."(xsd:string)
"Also known as „not checked“. Technical flag to allow setting a quality status to unknown. The data provider did not report the data quality status and no QC test was run, for example because of an incomplete time series. This flag value can only be seen for realtime data, because all validated data are assumed to be OK by default."(xsd:string)
"Data values were deemed OK by the provider and the TOAR quality control tool did not find any obvious errors. Note that validated data with no explicit quality information is treated as “provider OK”, whereas preliminary data with no explicit quality information is treated as “not checked by provider”. This status also covers data values which had been erroneous at first but were corrected by the provider or based on feedback by the provider."(xsd:string)
"Data were sent by provider as validated data, data values were deemed OK by the provider and the TOAR quality control tool did not find any obvious errors."(xsd:string)
"Data were sent by provider as preliminary (or realtime) data, data values were deemed OK by the provider (usually no explicit quality information is given with realtime data) and the TOAR quality control tool did not find any obvious errors."(xsd:string)
"Preliminary (realtime) data that were labelled as questionable by provider or marked as questionable by the automated TOAR quality control test."(xsd:string)
"Preliminary (realtime) data that were labelled as erroneous by provider or marked as erroneous by the automated TOAR quality control test."(xsd:string)
"Data were labelled as questionable or erroneous by provider or marked as questionable or erroneous by the automated TOAR quality control test."(xsd:string)
"Validated data that were labelled as questionable or erroneous by provider or marked as questionable or erroneous by the automated TOAR quality control test."(xsd:string)
"Preliminary (realtime) data that were labelled as questionable or erroneous by provider or marked as questionable or erroneous by the automated TOAR quality control test."(xsd:string)
"Preliminary (realtime) data on which no automated quality control procedure has been run due to, for example, an incomplete time series. Note that a simple range check with bounds defined per variable is normally run anyhow, but this simple test cannot lead to the result “QC passed”."(xsd:string)
"Lands covered with temporary crops followed by harvest and a bare soil period (e.g., single and multiple cropping systems). Note that perennial woody crops will be classified as the appropriate forest or shrub land cover type"(xsd:string)
"Deciduous Broadleaf forest: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 m. Consists of broadleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods"(xsd:string)
"Deciduous Needleleaf forest: Lands dominated by woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 m. Consists of seasonal needleleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods"(xsd:string)
"Evergreen Broadleaf forest: Lands dominated by broadleaf woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 m. Almost all trees and shrubs remain green year round. Canopy is never without green foliage"(xsd:string)
"Evergreen Needleleaf forest: Lands dominated by needleleaf woody vegetation with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 m. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage"(xsd:string)
"Lands dominated by trees with a percent cover >60% and height exceeding 2 m. Consists of tree communities with interspersed mixtures or mosaics of the other four forest types. None of the forest types exceeds 60% of landscape"(xsd:string)
"Cropland/Natural vegetation mosaic: Lands with a mosaic of croplands, forests, shrubland, and grasslands in which no one component comprises more than 60% of the landscape"(xsd:string)
"Lands with woody vegetation less than 2 m tall and with shrub canopy cover between 10% and 60%. The shrub foliage can be either evergreen or deciduous"(xsd:string)
"Lands with herbaceous and other understory systems, and with forest canopy cover between 10% and 30%. The forest cover height exceeds 2 m"(xsd:string)
"Permanent wetlands: Lands with a permanent mixture of water and herbaceous or woody vegetation. The vegetation can be present either in salt, brackish, or fresh water."(xsd:string)